Introduction

The quality and quantity of a woman’s eggs are crucial in achieving a successful pregnancy. Multiple studies demonstrated that nutrition and, particularly, certain supplements may boost natural fertility. In this article, we will explore the world of egg quality supplements, discuss their benefits, whether there is any scientific proof justifying their use, and provide insights into how they can support fertility, especially for those undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or dealing with low ovarian reserve.

Understanding the Importance of Egg Quality

Egg quality refers to the overall health and vitality of a woman’s eggs. High-quality eggs are more likely to fertilize successfully, resulting in a healthy embryo and a successful pregnancy. Factors such as age, genetics, lifestyle, and environmental exposures can affect egg quality. As women age, the quality and quantity of their eggs naturally decline, making conception more challenging.

Supplements to Improve Egg Quality and Quantity

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): CoQ10 is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect eggs from oxidative stress, a common factor contributing to poor egg quality. It may also enhance mitochondrial function, which is crucial for healthy egg development. While scientific evidence is still limited, the existing studies demonstrate an improved clinical pregnancy rate(28.8% to 14%) versus placebo in IVF cycles.

Myo-inositol: Myo-inositol has shown promise in improving egg quality and ovarian function for PCOS patients going through different infertility treatments. It works by reducing the level of male hormone (testosterone), correcting the LH/FSH ratio, and helping to normalize the menstrual cycle and induce ovulation. For the IVF cycle, it may mean lower FSH dosage and better maturation of eggs. Existing studies mostly evaluate the results of myo-inositol supplementation together with folic acid, and no large studies exist comparing myo-inositol to placebo. Largest recent study demonstrated that a combination of 4g/day of myo-inositol and 400 mg/day of folic acid seem to increase clinical live-birth and lower FSH dosage with ovulation induction for PCOS patients.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids can improve egg quality, according to a recent study of women going through assisted reproduction treatment or IVF, resulting in better live birth and clinical pregnancy. 

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone): DHEA is a hormone produced by adrenal glands that promotes the production of androgens and estrogens and peaks during the mid-20s and decreases over age. It is often recommended for women with poor ovarian response to stimulations due to age, prior poor response, and also abnormal ovarian reserve tests (such as low AMH and AFC). Its use has shown improved pregnancy rate. In analyzed studies, it was administered in 25 mg three times daily from 6 to 16 weeks before cycle.

Studies have consistently shown that nutrition, including the incorporation of specific supplements, can positively impact natural fertility. In this article, we will explore the potential benefits of supplements, examine the scientific evidence supporting their usage, and shed light on how they can support fertility, particularly for those considering egg freezing or facing concerns related to ovarian reserve.

While with egg freezing, it is hard to evaluate the egg quality of retrieved eggs before they are thawed and fertilized, the approach for improving egg quality and quantity with nutrition and supplements used for infertility patients can be mirrored for patients willing to do egg freezing to maximize their results from the procedure. 

Supplements to Enhance Egg Quality and Quantity for egg freezing

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): CoQ10 is a potent antioxidant that shields eggs from oxidative stress, a common contributor to diminished egg quality. It may also enhance mitochondrial function, a critical factor in the development of healthy eggs. While the scientific evidence is still evolving, existing studies have demonstrated an improved egg quality shown by an improved clinical pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles when CoQ10 was administered.

Myo-inositol: Myo-inositol has shown promise in enhancing egg quality and ovarian function, especially for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing various infertility treatments. It works by reducing the levels of male hormones like testosterone, correcting the LH/FSH ratio, and helping to normalize the menstrual cycle and induce ovulation. For egg freezing cycles, myo-inositol may lead to reduced FSH dosages and improved egg maturation. Existing studies mostly evaluate the results of myo-inositol supplementation in combination with folic acid, and while larger studies comparing myo-inositol to placebos are lacking, recent research suggests its potential benefits for PCOS patients.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Recent research has indicated that omega-3 fatty acids can enhance egg quality, particularly in women undergoing assisted reproduction treatments like egg freezing and IVF, associated with higher live birth and clinical pregnancy rates.