By Constance McGraw, MPH

Men’s fertility testing is very important for couples facing conception difficulties, attributing to 40-50% of infertility cases. Additionally, about 20% of infertility cases are for reasons solely related to male fertility, as per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Early identification of fertility problems allows prompt intervention and accurate diagnosis. Common male fertility issues involve:

• inadequate sperm production
• abnormal sperm morphology (shape) or motility (movement)
• reproductive tract blockages hindering sperm release

How to Test Male Fertility: Essential Steps for Men’s Fertility Testing

Following a year of trying to conceive without success (or six months for female partners over 35), both partners should undergo fertility evaluations.  Additionally, According to the American Urological Association, in couples with failed ART (assisted reproductive technologies) cycles or recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) (two or more losses), evaluation of the male should be considered. 

For men, fertility testing may include:

• Health History: Detailed exploration of medical, family, and fertility history.
• Physical Exam: Thorough diagnostic examination.
• Blood Test: Assessment of reproductive hormone levels to identify potential imbalances affecting fertility.
• Lab-Based Semen Analysis: Crucial for assessing sperm count, volume, shape, and motility.
• Scrotal ultrasound imaging that can test for testicular obstruction.
• Genetic testing- to confirm potential genetic issues with sperm concentration.
• Testicular biopsy-piece of tissue from the testicle removed and examined under a microscope.